1983 405:159–71.ĭe Salles AA, Swartz BE, Lee TT, Delgado-Escueta AV. Criteria for selecting electrodes for electrical stimulation: theoretical and practical considerations. New York: Churchill Livingstone 2000.īrummer SB, Robblee LS, Hambrecht FT. Methodological considerations in cortical electrical stimulation in adults. Electrical stimulation of the human cerebral cortex. Nathan SS, Lesser RP, Gordon B, Thakor NV. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Specifically, these are the circumstances when intracranial recordings should be considered: Keywords Under those circumstances, there is a need to recur to invasive EEG monitoring with intracranial electrodes. Unfortunately such is not the case in a significant percentage of patients, for one of the following reasons: (1) the presurgical evaluation fails to yield concordant localizing data among the various diagnostic studies (2) the epileptogenic zone cannot be localized or even lateralized in a reliable manner (3) the epileptogenic zone appears to be close to or involve eloquent cortex. Clearly, the ideal candidate is a patient with focal epilepsy with an EZ that does not involve eloquent cortex and is easily accessible to surgical resection and in whom the noninvasive studies of the presurgical evaluation can yield concordant data of the neurophysiologic (interictal and ictal electrographic recordings), structural (e.g., high-resolution brain MRI) and functional (e.g., positron emission tomography ) neuroimaging studies and neuropsychological evaluation. Its success is based on the total resection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in the absence of any neurologic (e.g., motor, sensory, and cognitive) deficits. ![]() Epilepsy surgery has revolutionized the management of treatment-resistant focal epilepsy.
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